{"id":5266,"date":"2014-11-07T12:03:40","date_gmt":"2014-11-07T04:03:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/inertz.com\/blog\/?p=5266"},"modified":"2018-07-17T14:05:20","modified_gmt":"2018-07-17T06:05:20","slug":"c-skrip-cengkerang-shell-script","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inertz.com\/blog\/c-skrip-cengkerang-shell-script\/","title":{"rendered":"c) Skrip cengkerang (shell script)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">&#8211; Sejarah<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Apabila Ken Thompson dan Dennis Ritchie mula \u2013 mula menulis <strong>UNIX<\/strong> mereka mula mencari idea baru untuk pengguna menggunakan komputer. Salah satu idea yang mereka perolehi adalah untuk membuat <strong>antaramuka<\/strong> pengguna <strong>komputer<\/strong> boleh berubah dan di tukar untuk keperluan spesifik bagi sesuatu aplikasi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><a href=\"http:\/\/inertz.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/cde.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5267\" src=\"http:\/\/inertz.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/cde-620x465.jpg\" alt=\"cde\" width=\"590\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inertz.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/cde-620x465.jpg 620w, https:\/\/inertz.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/cde-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/inertz.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/cde-900x675.jpg 900w, https:\/\/inertz.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/cde.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Antaramuka pengguna ini dipanggil penterjemah arahan kerana ia akan menterjemahkan apa yang ditaip oleh pengguna dan menukarkannya kepada sesuatu yang dapat difahami oleh komputer. Kebanyakan sistem komputer mempunyai penterjemah arahan yang terbina dalam Sistem Pengoperasian tetapi pengguna tidak dapat mengubahnya. Sistem DOS dibina dengan cara ini. Pembangun sistem UNIX cuba untuk memisahkan penterjemah arahan daripada Sistem Pengoperasian. Oleh sebab itu ia dipanggil cengkerang (SHELL). <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Penterjemah arahan yang pertama bagi UNIX dipanggil Bourne Shell dan lebih dikenali sebagai SH.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Apabila UNIX keluar daripada Bell Labs dan dipindahkan ke Universiti California pembangunnya cuba memperkembangkan cengkerangnya. Mereka mula menambahkan ciri \u2013 ciri bahasa pengaturcaraan pada cengkerang dengan menampilkan ciri \u2013 ciri bahasa C. Ini telah menghasilkan C Shell.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Kedua \u2013 dua cengkerang wujud selama beberapa tahun dan semakin diperbaiki dari semasa kesemasa apabila versi Bourne Shell terdapat pada kedua \u2013 dua sistem V dan sistem berasaskan Berkeley manakala C Shell hanya digunakan pada sistem Berkeley.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Selanjutnya GNU telah ditubuhkan dan diselenggarakan oleh Free Software Foundation bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan koleksi percuma perisian UNIX. Projek GNU ditubuhkan dengan bertujuan memiliki Shell yang percuma dan tidak terikat dengan soal royalti. Malangnya pada masa itu C Shell masih lagi dibawah kuasa AT&amp;T oleh pihak GNU telah membina versi Shell mereka sendiri dipanggil GPLed Shell.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">&#8211; Kegunaan<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Shell merupakan elemen yang penting dalam LINUX kerana kebanyakan program LINUX ditulis dalam bentuk shell dipanggil Shell Script. Shell yang paling popular adalah BASH dan merupakan Shell default bagi kebanyakan pakej LINUX.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Beberapa arahan yang biasa digunakan adalah:-<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">ls = senaraikan fail yang terdapat dalam direktori<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">ls \u2013la = senarai fail termasuk dengan permission<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">pwd = memaparkan direktori kerja<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">mkdir = mencipta direktori<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">rmdir = membuang direktori<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Apabila kita sudah biasa dengan arahan \u2013 arahan ini kita mendapati adalah mudah sekiranya kita dapat menggabungkan semua arahan didalam satu fail. Dari situlah wujudnya Shell Script. Untuk menghasilkan Shell Script tidaklah sukar dan boleh menggunkan editor yang paling mudah iaitu VI.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8211; Sejarah Apabila Ken Thompson dan Dennis Ritchie mula \u2013 mula menulis UNIX mereka mula mencari idea baru untuk pengguna menggunakan komputer. Salah satu idea yang mereka perolehi adalah untuk membuat antaramuka pengguna komputer boleh berubah dan di tukar untuk keperluan spesifik bagi sesuatu aplikasi. Antaramuka pengguna ini dipanggil penterjemah arahan kerana ia akan menterjemahkan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5267,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,3],"tags":[4453,4263,4452],"class_list":["post-5266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","category-misc","tag-cengkerang","tag-script","tag-skrip"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>c) Skrip cengkerang (shell script) - https:\/\/inertz.com\/blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/inertz.com\/blog\/c-skrip-cengkerang-shell-script\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"c) Skrip cengkerang (shell script) - https:\/\/inertz.com\/blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&#8211; Sejarah Apabila Ken Thompson dan Dennis Ritchie mula \u2013 mula menulis UNIX mereka mula mencari idea baru untuk pengguna menggunakan komputer. 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